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keel
Ledger
64,751,778
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
6s

USDZ against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

USDZ / USDC

GAKT…6XPR

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
1,175.50 USDC (shortened; full value 1175.508871201907209666005805 USDC)Limited by manipulation cost
Depth within 5%
buy5,139.05 USDC (shortened; full value 5139.057002591018783663984715329 USDC)sell4,395.11 USDC (shortened; full value 4395.116421801296157853304897659799947570552625205222 USDC)
Cost to move +50%
4,702.03 USDC (shortened; full value 4702.03548480762883866402322 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks
3 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window
Resolution
Source

Cost to move the price 50%

The stored series carries one manipulation rung, the +50% move. A reading the engine could not produce breaks the line rather than sitting at zero.

Higher at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest
4,425.18 USDC (shortened; full value 4425.18929225071600013848234 USDC)
Highest
4,888.59 USDC (shortened; full value 4888.59106732151999314932042 USDC)
2026-09-26T16:51:46Z — 2026-10-03T16:09:27Z
Cost to move +50%
4,681.99 USDC (shortened; full value 4681.99779231057167676032498 USDC)
169 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAPthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout
Supply is concentratednowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_HIGHthroughout

Not evaluated3

  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
4,702.03 USDC (shortened; full value 4702.03548480762883866402322 USDC)

The target is reachable through the order book

Genuine volume in the oracle window
14.70 USDC (shortened; full value 14.7077497 USDC)

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
319.6978 (shortened; full value 319.6978178658852780628992632367)

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
4,716.74 USDC (shortened; full value 4716.74323450762883866402322 USDC)

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh