Skip to content
keel
Ledger
64,751,597
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
8s

USDZ against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

USDZ / USDC

GAKT…6XPR

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
1,170.49 USDC (shortened; full value 1170.499448077642919190081245 USDC)Limited by manipulation cost
Depth within 5%
buy5,119.02 USDC (shortened; full value 5119.0207043054552463628884915138 USDC)sell4,409.82 USDC (shortened; full value 4409.822853286662783969768860034924242856233938545047 USDC)
Cost to move +50%
4,681.99 USDC (shortened; full value 4681.99779231057167676032498 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks
3 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window
Resolution
Source

Collateral ceiling

The most this asset could back at each reading: the lower of the liquidation and manipulation limits.

Higher at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest
1,106.29 USDC (shortened; full value 1106.297323062679000034620585 USDC)
Highest
1,222.14 USDC (shortened; full value 1222.147766830379998287330105 USDC)
2026-09-26T16:51:46Z — 2026-10-03T16:09:27Z
Max safe collateral
1,170.49 USDC (shortened; full value 1170.499448077642919190081245 USDC)
169 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAPthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout
Supply is concentratednowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_HIGHthroughout

Not evaluated3

  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
4,681.99 USDC (shortened; full value 4681.99779231057167676032498 USDC)

The target is reachable through the order book

Genuine volume in the oracle window
2.02 USDC (shortened; full value 2.0258796 USDC)

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
2,311.0938 (shortened; full value 2311.0938045432570014330195042193)

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
4,684.02 USDC (shortened; full value 4684.02367191057167676032498 USDC)

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh