LFI against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?
Risk band
Critical
partial confidence
A floor: the real band can only be worse.
- Max safe collateral
- 0 USDCLimited by manipulation cost
- Depth within 5%
- buy3.79 USDC (shortened; full value 3.7965237197961048413889698085 USDC)sell3.86 USDC (shortened; full value 3.869362851587908607562496537867562296759363201605 USDC)
- Cost to move +50%
- 0 USDCReachable at no cost: nothing stands in the way
- Checks
- 5 triggered5 not evaluated
History
Buy-side depth
What an order can absorb before the price moves against a buyer. The rungs are nested, so one scale covers all three.
Higher at the end of the window than at its start
- Lowest
- 1.50 USDC (shortened; full value 1.5023844848777726534656014552 USDC)
- Highest
- 7.63 USDC (shortened; full value 7.6326480503773372821231177219 USDC)
- 2% from mid
- 1.52 USDC (shortened; full value 1.5297496942782622677072211885 USDC)
- 5% from mid
- 3.79 USDC (shortened; full value 3.7965237197961048413889698085 USDC)
- 10% from mid
- 7.50 USDC (shortened; full value 7.5036798972400489040192729143 USDC)
Checks
MANIPULATION_CHEAPMANIPULATION_RATIO_LOWHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_EXTREMETHIN_DEPTH_5PCTHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_HIGHNO_GENUINE_TRADE_30DNO_GENUINE_TRADE_7DNot evaluated5
- Price sources disagree
- Extreme spread
- No genuine trade in 30 days
- No genuine trade in 7 days
- Volume may be wash traded
Evidence
The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.
Read cost together with reachability: a figure on an unreachable rung says how far the book goes, not what the move costs.
| Move | Target price | Cost, all venues | Cost, order book only |
|---|---|---|---|
| +50% | 0.568045 USDC (shortened; full value 0.56804563354138785 USDC) | 34.55 USDC (shortened; full value 34.5513905099725848209051844831 USDC) | free to reach |
| +100% | 0.757394 USDC (shortened; full value 0.7573941780551838 USDC) | 63.67 USDC (shortened; full value 63.6795601139368169049889614334 USDC) | free to reach |
| +1,000% | 4.165667 USDC (shortened; full value 4.1656679793035109 USDC) | 356.22 USDC (shortened; full value 356.2297623768234336864734437471 USDC) | 0.08 USDC (shortened; full value 0.081 USDC) |
| +10,000% | 38.248405 USDC (shortened; full value 38.2484059917867819 USDC) | 1,391.50 USDC (shortened; full value 1391.5022004222903485194304528624 USDC) | unreachablebook ends at 0.21 USDC |
Reachability on the all-venues ladder is unconditionally true whenever an active pool exists, because a constant product curve has no upper price bound. The order-book-only column is the one that answers whether a target is attainable, and it is the one Keel itself uses.
- Highest price the book can reach
- not computed
Absorbing every ask. Not computed when an active pool exists, because a constant product curve has no highest price
- Cost to reach it
- not computed
Every ask below that price. Catches an attack that lands between two rungs of the ladder