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keel
Ledger
64,754,298
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
6s

XAU against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

XAU / USDC

GBCB…LXAU

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
12.60 USDC (shortened; full value 12.60857832499587723145 USDC)Limited by manipulation cost
Depth within 5%
buy67.03 USDC (shortened; full value 67.0374267407280470112010668406 USDC)sell25.91 USDC (shortened; full value 25.918224917268630821080303839310290969819364916365 USDC)
Cost to move +50%
50.43 USDC (shortened; full value 50.4343132999835089258 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks
2 triggered3 not evaluated

Collateral ceiling

The most this asset could back at each reading: the lower of the liquidation and manipulation limits.

Higher at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest
0 USDC
Highest
142.72 USDC (shortened; full value 142.7236462499795116124 USDC)
2026-09-11T17:48:29Z — 2026-10-02T10:09:32Z
Max safe collateral
12.60 USDC (shortened; full value 12.6085003750022691664 USDC)
498 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAPthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout
Cheap next to real tradingMANIPULATION_RATIO_LOW193 of 498
Nothing tradable within 2%ZERO_DEPTH_2PCT125 of 498

Not evaluated3

  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
50.43 USDC (shortened; full value 50.4343132999835089258 USDC)

The target is reachable through the order book

Genuine volume in the oracle window
0 USDC

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
not computed

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
50.43 USDC (shortened; full value 50.4343132999835089258 USDC)

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh