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keel
Ledger
64,752,677
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
8s

VAQM against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

VAQM / USDC

GC2B…BVCD

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
9.11 USDC (shortened; full value 9.112056938025193348730507972604131854276082266782 USDC)Limited by liquidation depth
Depth within 5%
buy8.82 USDC (shortened; full value 8.8228266084494156033317219353 USDC)sell8.99 USDC (shortened; full value 8.992099100218173436465568245663962418687030823421 USDC)
Cost to move +50%
764.76 USDC (shortened; full value 764.76460592322 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks
7 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window
Resolution
Source

Cost to move the price 50%

The stored series carries one manipulation rung, the +50% move. A reading the engine could not produce breaks the line rather than sitting at zero.

Lower at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest
764.76 USDC (shortened; full value 764.76460592322 USDC)
Highest
771.34 USDC (shortened; full value 771.34704670296 USDC)
2026-09-26T23:51:51Z — 2026-10-03T17:24:27Z
Cost to move +50%
764.76 USDC (shortened; full value 764.76460592322 USDC)
8 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAPthroughout
Cheap next to real tradingnowMANIPULATION_RATIO_LOWthroughout
Price sources disagreenowPRICE_SOURCE_CONFLICTthroughout
Extreme spreadnowSPREAD_EXTREMEthroughout
One holder owns most of itnowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_EXTREMEthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout
Supply is concentratednowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_HIGHthroughout

Not evaluated3

  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
764.76 USDC (shortened; full value 764.76460592322 USDC)

The target is reachable through the order book

Genuine volume in the oracle window
0 USDC

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
not computed

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
764.76 USDC (shortened; full value 764.76460592322 USDC)

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh