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keel
Ledger
64,752,677
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
8s

VAQM against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

VAQM / USDC

GC2B…BVCD

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
9.11 USDC (shortened; full value 9.112056938025193348730507972604131854276082266782 USDC)Limited by liquidation depth
Depth within 5%
buy8.82 USDC (shortened; full value 8.8228266084494156033317219353 USDC)sell8.99 USDC (shortened; full value 8.992099100218173436465568245663962418687030823421 USDC)
Cost to move +50%
764.76 USDC (shortened; full value 764.76460592322 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks
7 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window
Resolution
Source

Collateral ceiling

The most this asset could back at each reading: the lower of the liquidation and manipulation limits.

Lower at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest
4.25 USDC (shortened; full value 4.258952017718033810642055655239172157578883690259 USDC)
Highest
37.00 USDC (shortened; full value 37.0047667907967857295543377598238779218160924852625 USDC)
2026-09-11T17:48:23Z — 2026-10-02T10:09:27Z
Max safe collateral
9.26 USDC (shortened; full value 9.26662319529558961352949557406512442075568338 USDC)
498 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAPthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout
Cheap next to real tradingnowMANIPULATION_RATIO_LOW480 of 498
One holder owns most of itnowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_EXTREME480 of 498
Supply is concentratednowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_HIGH480 of 498
Price sources disagreenowPRICE_SOURCE_CONFLICT200 of 498
Extreme spreadnowSPREAD_EXTREME199 of 498

Not evaluated3

  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
764.76 USDC (shortened; full value 764.76460592322 USDC)

The target is reachable through the order book

Genuine volume in the oracle window
0 USDC

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
not computed

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
764.76 USDC (shortened; full value 764.76460592322 USDC)

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh