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keel
Ledger
64,752,497
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
6s

USDZ against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

USDZ / USDC

GAKT…6XPR

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
1,176.13 USDC (shortened; full value 1176.136258809430352364972875 USDC)Limited by manipulation cost
Depth within 5%
buy5,141.56 USDC (shortened; full value 5141.566089736690135416488911672 USDC)sell4,392.61 USDC (shortened; full value 4392.614207332617989406104088826452126415367626893043 USDC)
Cost to move +50%
4,704.54 USDC (shortened; full value 4704.5450352377214094598915 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks
3 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window
Resolution
Source

Collateral ceiling

The most this asset could back at each reading: the lower of the liquidation and manipulation limits.

Lower at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest
944.66 USDC (shortened; full value 944.664011687423034889222745 USDC)
Highest
1,299.12 USDC (shortened; full value 1299.1287384943192250284304725 USDC)
2026-09-11T17:48:23Z — 2026-10-02T10:09:27Z
Max safe collateral
1,111.29 USDC (shortened; full value 1111.29732304638542225 USDC)
498 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAPthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout
Supply is concentratednowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_HIGH141 of 498

Not evaluated3

  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
4,704.54 USDC (shortened; full value 4704.5450352377214094598915 USDC)

The target is reachable through the order book

Genuine volume in the oracle window
0 USDC

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
not computed

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
4,704.54 USDC (shortened; full value 4704.5450352377214094598915 USDC)

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh