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keel
Ledger
64,752,496
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
6s

UAF against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

UAF / USDC

GDT5…RC5E

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
0 USDCLimited by manipulation cost
Depth within 5%
buy14.82 USDC (shortened; full value 14.8279830305056054024560407187 USDC)sell15.11 USDC (shortened; full value 15.112471115457124391277264008505094431984519249219 USDC)
Cost to move +50%
0 USDCReachable at no cost: nothing stands in the way
Checks
5 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window
Resolution
Source

Buy-side depth

What an order can absorb before the price moves against a buyer. The rungs are nested, so one scale covers all three.

Lower at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest
5.97 USDC (shortened; full value 5.9704031861967830029700306355 USDC)
Highest
31.72 USDC (shortened; full value 31.7297858000534206488972539777 USDC)
2026-09-11T17:48:18Z — 2026-10-02T10:24:22ZOne scale across every line on this chart
2% from mid
5.98 USDC (shortened; full value 5.9892674781258188092059852199 USDC)
5% from mid
14.86 USDC (shortened; full value 14.8641285106685849118307637815 USDC)
10% from mid
29.37 USDC (shortened; full value 29.3783657175429513524127047235 USDC)
498 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAPthroughout
Price sources disagreenowPRICE_SOURCE_CONFLICTthroughout
Extreme spreadnowSPREAD_EXTREMEthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout
Cheap next to real tradingnowMANIPULATION_RATIO_LOW480 of 498
No genuine trade in 7 daysNO_GENUINE_TRADE_7D137 of 498

Not evaluated3

  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
0 USDC

The target is reachable through the order book

Genuine volume in the oracle window
0 USDC

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
not computed

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
0 USDC

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh