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keel
Ledger
64,753,572
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
7s

PAYBO against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

PAYBO / USDC

GDNU…XD3D

Risk band

High

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
21.48 USDC (shortened; full value 21.486652814458323296853549818036860338510955433346 USDC)Limited by liquidation depth
Depth within 5%
buy20.80 USDC (shortened; full value 20.804634284803157638256966111 USDC)sell21.20 USDC (shortened; full value 21.203786670089042676242321635066929387495507731763 USDC)
Cost to move +50%
Not reachableThe order book cannot reach the target
Checks
3 triggered5 not evaluated

History

Window
Resolution
Source

Collateral ceiling

The most this asset could back at each reading: the lower of the liquidation and manipulation limits.

Higher at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest
21.43 USDC (shortened; full value 21.43059740191166717617070015473733958229185447078 USDC)
Highest
21.52 USDC (shortened; full value 21.526178982115764461563531919880444125877310754046 USDC)
2026-10-02T18:54:02Z — 2026-10-03T18:39:02Z
Max safe collateral
21.48 USDC (shortened; full value 21.486652814458323296853549818036860338510955433346 USDC)
25 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
One holder owns most of itnowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_EXTREMEthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout
Supply is concentratednowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_HIGHthroughout

Not evaluated5

  • Price sources disagree
  • Extreme spread
  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
0 USDC

NOT reachable through the order book: this is the cost of exhausting the book, not of reaching the target

Genuine volume in the oracle window
0 USDC

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
not computed

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
not computed

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh