LFI against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?
Risk band
Critical
partial confidence
A floor: the real band can only be worse.
- Max safe collateral
- 0 USDCLimited by manipulation cost
- Depth within 5%
- buy3.78 USDC (shortened; full value 3.7894150549891029378389057388 USDC)sell3.86 USDC (shortened; full value 3.862117801758460755174171138589393289822604430345 USDC)
- Cost to move +50%
- 0 USDCReachable at no cost: nothing stands in the way
- Checks
- 5 triggered5 not evaluated
History
Every stored reading from this source, whenever it was taken
A reconstruction is written where a replay ran rather than on the scan's cadence, so there is no window to choose: the engine returns the readings it holds and the axis below is labelled from them.
This source is a lower bound, not a measurement
Trades-implied rebuilds the book from trades that happened, so every figure below is a floor: the real value is at least this, and may be more. It is not comparable with a direct reading.
No readings were stored in this range from this source
The engine holds no stored reading for Trades implied on this asset. A reconstruction exists only where keel replay has been run, and it has been run on one pair.
Checks
Triggered5
- Cheap to move the price
- Cheap next to real trading
- One holder owns most of it
- Thin depth at 5%
- Supply is concentrated
Not evaluated5
- Price sources disagree
- Extreme spread
- No genuine trade in 30 days
- No genuine trade in 7 days
- Volume may be wash traded
Evidence
The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.
Read cost together with reachability: a figure on an unreachable rung says how far the book goes, not what the move costs.
| Move | Target price | Cost, all venues | Cost, order book only |
|---|---|---|---|
| +50% | 0.565916 USDC (shortened; full value 0.56591657064005805 USDC) | 34.48 USDC (shortened; full value 34.48669599681294820349594108 USDC) | free to reach |
| +100% | 0.754555 USDC (shortened; full value 0.7545554275200774 USDC) | 63.56 USDC (shortened; full value 63.5603256032851578875007048098 USDC) | free to reach |
| +1,000% | 4.150054 USDC (shortened; full value 4.1500548513604257 USDC) | 355.56 USDC (shortened; full value 355.5629043877730248356240044233 USDC) | 0.08 USDC (shortened; full value 0.081 USDC) |
| +10,000% | 38.105049 USDC (shortened; full value 38.1050490897639087 USDC) | 1,388.89 USDC (shortened; full value 1388.8971251925932885573328523465 USDC) | unreachablebook ends at 0.21 USDC |
Reachability on the all-venues ladder is unconditionally true whenever an active pool exists, because a constant product curve has no upper price bound. The order-book-only column is the one that answers whether a target is attainable, and it is the one Keel itself uses.
- Highest price the book can reach
- not computed
Absorbing every ask. Not computed when an active pool exists, because a constant product curve has no highest price
- Cost to reach it
- not computed
Every ask below that price. Catches an attack that lands between two rungs of the ladder