Keel — Stellar liquidity risk

BTC / USDC

GDPJ…2MZM

Risk band

High

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral: 1,369.45 USDC (shortened; full value 1369.456147519577307529920841225972515274626692873363 USDC)Limited by liquidation depth
Depth within 5%: buy1,605.52 USDC (shortened; full value 1605.520086116250732677604599824 USDC)sell1,546.25 USDC (shortened; full value 1546.252329885174589115811841753532408485230122178682 USDC)
Cost to move +50%: 25,056.33 USDC (shortened; full value 25056.33363850913124914186317 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks: 3 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window

Resolution

Source

The most this asset could back at each reading: the lower of the liquidation and manipulation limits.

Lower at the end of the window than at its start

Lowest: 1,172.39 USDC (shortened; full value 1172.39363613646027300421029862355157386099226605273 USDC)
Highest: 2,615.67 USDC (shortened; full value 2615.67606333944048558274429727301810800577141944137 USDC)

2026-09-11T17:47:56Z — 2026-10-02T10:38:32Z

Max safe collateral: 1,524.00 USDC (shortened; full value 1524.006256791308246758942539704833562792435116498786 USDC)

498 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.

Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCT

throughout

One holder owns most of itnowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_EXTREME

146 of 498

Supply is concentratednowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_HIGH

146 of 498

Nothing tradable within 2%ZERO_DEPTH_2PCT

40 of 498

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only: 25,056.33 USDC (shortened; full value 25056.33363850913124914186317 USDC)
The target is reachable through the order book
Genuine volume in the oracle window: 0 USDC
Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter
Cost against genuine volume: not computed
Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable
Total attack cost: 25,056.33 USDC (shortened; full value 25056.33363850913124914186317 USDC)
The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh