Skip to content
keel
Ledger
64,751,044
Methodology
1.0.8-draft
Age
9s

AMM against USDC — what depth stands behind this price?

All assets

AMM / USDC

GARQ…BDOQ

Risk band

Critical

partial confidence

A floor: the real band can only be worse.

Max safe collateral
13.85 USDC (shortened; full value 13.853265125 USDC)Limited by manipulation cost
Depth within 5%
buy43.06 USDC (shortened; full value 43.0673697151849031132558702994 USDC)sell43.89 USDC (shortened; full value 43.89364924091355199990508510308703287705264483449 USDC)
Cost to move +50%
55.41 USDC (shortened; full value 55.4130605 USDC)Reachable through the order book
Checks
7 triggered3 not evaluated

History

Window
Resolution
Source

Cost to move the price 50%

The stored series carries one manipulation rung, the +50% move. A reading the engine could not produce breaks the line rather than sitting at zero.

Unchanged across the window

Lowest
55.41 USDC (shortened; full value 55.4130605 USDC)
Highest
55.41 USDC (shortened; full value 55.4130605 USDC)
2026-09-26T15:50:41Z — 2026-10-03T15:08:27Z
Cost to move +50%
55.41 USDC (shortened; full value 55.4130605 USDC)
169 readings from horizon, with no gaps reported. One source per chart.

Checks

What fires now, how long it has been firing across the window above, and what could not run.
Cheap to move the pricenowMANIPULATION_CHEAPthroughout
Cheap next to real tradingnowMANIPULATION_RATIO_LOWthroughout
Price sources disagreenowPRICE_SOURCE_CONFLICTthroughout
Extreme spreadnowSPREAD_EXTREMEthroughout
One holder owns most of itnowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_EXTREMEthroughout
Thin depth at 5%nowTHIN_DEPTH_5PCTthroughout
Supply is concentratednowHOLDER_CONCENTRATION_HIGHthroughout
No genuine trade in 30 daysNO_GENUINE_TRADE_30D81 of 169
No genuine trade in 7 daysNO_GENUINE_TRADE_7D81 of 169

Not evaluated3

  • No genuine trade in 30 days
  • No genuine trade in 7 days
  • Volume may be wash traded

Evidence

The figures behind the verdict, as the engine served them.

An averaging oracle makes an attacker outweigh genuine trading as well as move the book. A market with no genuine volume has no such defence.

Cost of a 50% move, order book only
55.41 USDC (shortened; full value 55.4130605 USDC)

The target is reachable through the order book

Genuine volume in the oracle window
0 USDC

Over the last 900 seconds (15 minutes), after the genuine-trade filter

Cost against genuine volume
not computed

Below 1, moving the price is cheaper than all genuine trading across the window. Not computed when there was no genuine volume or the target is unreachable

Total attack cost
55.41 USDC (shortened; full value 55.4130605 USDC)

The move, plus the genuine volume an averaging oracle forces an attacker to outweigh